Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-15 (of 15 Records) |
Query Trace: Kancherla V[original query] |
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Neural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network
Madrid L , Vyas KJ , Kancherla V , Leulseged H , Suchdev PS , Bassat Q , Sow SO , El Arifeen S , Madhi SA , Onyango D , Ogbuanu I , Scott JAG , Blau D , Mandomando I , Keita AM , Gurley ES , Mahtab S , Akelo V , Sannoh S , Tilahun Y , Varo R , Onwuchekwa U , Rahman A , Adam Y , Omore R , Lako S , Xerinda E , Islam KM , Wise A , Tippet-Barr BA , Kaluma E , Ajanovic S , Kotloff KL , Hossain MZ , Mutevedzi P , Tapia MD , Rogena E , Moses F , Whitney CG , Assefa N . Lancet Glob Health 2023 11 (7) e1041-e1052 BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects are common birth defects resulting in severe morbidity and mortality; they can largely be prevented with periconceptional maternal intake of folic acid. Understanding the occurrence of neural tube defects and their contribution to mortality in settings where their burden is highest could inform prevention and health-care policy. We aimed to estimate the mortality attributed to neural tube defects in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. METHODS: This analysis used data from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network and health and demographic surveillance systems from South Africa, Mozambique, Bangladesh, Kenya, Mali, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone. All stillbirths and infants and children younger than 5 years who died, who were enrolled in CHAMPS, whose families consented to post-mortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2021, and who were assigned a cause of death by a determination of cause of death panel as of May 24, 2022, were included in this analysis, regardless the cause of death. MITS and advanced diagnostic methods were used to describe the frequency and characteristics of neural tube defects among eligible deaths, identify risk factors, and estimate the mortality fraction and mortality rate (per 10 000 births) by CHAMPS site. FINDINGS: Causes of death were determined for 3232 stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years, of whom 69 (2%) died with a neural tube defect. Most deaths with a neural tube defect were stillbirths (51 [74%]); 46 (67%) were neural tube defects incompatible with life (ie, anencephaly, craniorachischisis, or iniencephaly) and 22 (32%) were spina bifida. Deaths with a neural tube defect were more common in Ethiopia (adjusted odds ratio 8·09 [95% CI 2·84-23·02]), among female individuals (4·40 [2·44-7·93]), and among those whose mothers had no antenatal care (2·48 [1·12-5·51]). Ethiopia had the highest adjusted mortality fraction of deaths with neural tube defects (7·5% [6·7-8·4]) and the highest adjusted mortality rate attributed to neural tube defects (104·0 per 10 000 births [92·9-116·4]), 4-23 times greater than in any other site. INTERPRETATION: CHAMPS identified neural tube defects, a largely preventable condition, as a common cause of death among stillbirths and neonatal deaths, especially in Ethiopia. Implementing interventions such as mandatory folic acid fortification could reduce mortality due to neural tube defects. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
Prevalence and mortality among children with anorectal malformation: A multi-country analysis.
Kancherla V , Sundar M , Tandaki L , Lux A , Bakker MK , Bergman JE , Bermejo-Sánchez E , Canfield MA , Dastgiri S , Feldkamp ML , Gatt M , Groisman B , Hurtado-Villa P , Kallen K , Landau D , Lelong N , Lopez-Camelo J , Martinez LE , Mastroiacovo P , Morgan M , Mutchinick OM , Nance AE , Nembhard WN , Pierini A , Sipek A , Stallings EB , Szabova E , Tagliabue G , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Rissmann A . Birth Defects Res 2022 115 (3) 390-404 We examined the total prevalence, trends in prevalence, and age-specific mortality among individuals with anorectal malformation (ARM) METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 24 population- and hospital-based birth defects surveillance programs affiliated with the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) from 18 countries and for births from 1974 to 2014. We estimated pooled and program-specific total prevalence per 10,000 total births. Poisson regression was used to assess time trends in prevalence from 2001 to 2012 when most programs contributed data. We calculated selected age-specific proportions of deaths, stratified by case status RESULTS: The pooled total prevalence of ARM was 3.26 per 10,000 total births (95% Confidence Interval = 3.19, 3.32) for birth years 1974-2014. About 60% of cases were multiple or syndromic. Prevalence of multiple, syndromic, and stillborn cases decreased from 2001 to 2012. The first week mortality proportion was 12.5%, 3.2%, 28.3%, and 18.2% among all, isolated, multiple, and syndromic cases, respectively CONCLUSIONS: ARM is relatively rare, with multiple and syndromic cases showing decreasing prevalence during the study period. Mortality is a concern during the first week of life, and especially among multiple and syndromic cases. Our descriptive epidemiological findings increase our understanding of geographic variation in the prevalence of ARM and can be used to plan needed clinical services. Exploring factors influencing prevalence and mortality among individuals with ARM could inform future studies. |
A multicountry analysis of prevalence and mortality among neonates and children with bladder exstrophy
Kancherla V , Tandaki L , Sundar M , Lux A , Bakker MK , Bergman JE , Bermejo-Sánchez E , Canfield MA , Feldkamp ML , Groisman B , Hurtado-Villa P , Källén K , Landau D , Lelong N , Lopez-Camelo J , Mastroiacovo P , Morgan M , Mutchinick OM , Nance AE , Nembhard WN , Pierini A , Šípek A , Stallings EB , Szabova E , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Rissmann A . Am J Perinatol 2022 OBJECTIVE: Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare but severe birth defect affecting the lower abdominal wall and genitourinary system. The objective of the study is to examine the total prevalence, trends in prevalence, and age-specific mortality among individuals with BE. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Data were analyzed from 20 birth defects surveillance programs, members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research in 16 countries. Live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) diagnosed with BE from 1974 to 2014. Pooled and program-specific prevalence of BE per 100,000 total births was calculated. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalence were estimated using Poisson approximation of binomial distribution. Time trends in prevalence of BE from 2000 to 2014 were examined using Poisson regression. Proportion of deaths among BE cases was calculated on the day of birth, day 2 to 6, day 7 to 27, day 28 to 364, 1 to 4 years, and ≥5 years. Mortality analysis was stratified by isolated, multiple, and syndromic case status. RESULTS: The pooled total prevalence of BE was 2.58 per 100,000 total births (95% CI = 2.40, 2.78) for study years 1974 to 2014. Prevalence varied over time with a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2014. The first-week mortality proportion was 3.5, 17.3, and 14.6% among isolated, multiple, and syndromic BE cases, respectively. The majority of first-week mortality occurred on the first day of life among isolated, multiple, and syndromic BE cases. The proportion of first-week deaths was higher among cases reported from programs in Latin America where ETOPFA services were not available. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of BE varied by program and showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to -2014. Mortality is a concern among multiple and syndromic cases, and a high proportion of deaths among cases occurred during the first week of life. KEY POINTS: · Total prevalence of BE was 2.58 per 100,000 births.. · Prevalence decreased from 2000 to 2014.. · The first-week mortality was 9.3%.. |
Analysis of early neonatal case fatality rate among newborns with congenital hydrocephalus, a 2000-2014 multi-country registry-based study.
Gili JA , Lpez-Camelo JS , Nembhard WN , Bakker M , deWalle HEK , Stallings EB , Kancherla V , Contiero P , Dastgiri S , Feldkamp ML , Nance A , Gatt M , Martnez L , Canessa MA , Groisman B , Hurtado-Villa P , Klln K , Landau D , Lelong N , Morgan M , Arteaga-Vzquez J , Pierini A , Rissmann A , Sipek A , Szabova E , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Canfield MA , Mastroiacovo P . Birth Defects Res 2022 114 (12) 631-644 BACKGROUND: Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) comprises a heterogeneous group of birth anomalies with a wide-ranging prevalence across geographic regions and registry type. The aim of the present study was to analyze the early neonatal case fatality rate (CFR) and total birth prevalence of newborns diagnosed with CH. METHODS: Data were provided by 25 registries from four continents participating in the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) on births ascertained between 2000 and 2014. Two CH rates were calculated using a Poisson distribution: early neonatal CFR (death within 7days) per 100 liveborn CH cases (CFR) and total birth prevalence rate (BPR) per 10,000 births (including live births and stillbirths) (BPR). Heterogeneity between registries was calculated using a meta-analysis approach with random effects. Temporal trends in CFR and BPR within registries were evaluated through Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: A total of 13,112 CH cases among 19,293,280 total births were analyzed. The early neonatal CFR was 5.9 per 100 liveborn cases, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4-6.8. The CFR among syndromic cases was 2.7 times (95% CI: 2.2-3.3) higher than among non-syndromic cases (10.4% [95% CI: 9.3-11.7] and 4.4% [95% CI: 3.7-5.2], respectively). The total BPR was 6.8 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 6.7-6.9). Stratified by elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA), region and system, higher CFR were observed alongside higher BPR rates. The early neonatal CFR and total BPR did not show temporal variation, with the exception of a CFR decrease in one registry. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of early neonatal CFR and total BPR were highly heterogeneous among registries participating in ICBDSR. Most registries with higher CFR also had higher BPR. Differences were attributable to type of registry (hospital-based vs. population-based), ETOPFA (allowed yes or no) and geographical regions. These findings contribute to the understanding of regional differences of CH occurrence and early neonatal deaths. |
Prevalence and mortality in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A multi-country study
Politis MD , Bermejo-Sánchez E , Canfield MA , Contiero P , Cragan JD , Dastgiri S , de Walle HE , Feldkamp ML , Nance A , Groisman B , Gatt M , Benavides-Lara A , Hurtado-Villa P , Kallén K , Landau D , Lelong N , Lopez-Camelo J , Martinez L , Morgan M , Mutchinick OM , Pierini A , Rissmann A , Šípek A , Szabova E , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Bakker MK , Kancherla V , Mastroiacovo P , Nembhard WN . Ann Epidemiol 2020 56 61-69 e3 PURPOSE: This study determined the prevalence, mortality and time trends of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: Twenty-five hospital- and population-based surveillance programs in 19 International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research member countries provided birth defects mortality data between 1974 and 2015. CDH cases included live births, stillbirths, or elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. Prevalence, cumulative mortality rates, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Poisson regression and Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to assess time trends. RESULTS: The prevalence of CDH was 2.6 per 10,000 total births (95% CI: 2.5-2.7), slightly increasing between 2001 and 2012 (average annual percent change [AAPC] = 0.5%; 95% CI:-0.6-1.6). The total percent mortality of CDH was 37.7%, with hospital-based registries having more deaths among live births than population-based registries (45.1% vs. 33.8%). Mortality rates decreased over time (AAPC = -2.4%; 95% CI: -3.8--1.1). Most deaths due to CDH occurred among 2- to 6-day-old infants for both registry types (36.3%, hospital-based; 12.1%, population-based). CONCLUSION: The mortality of CDH has decreased over time. Mortality remains high during the first week and varied by registry type. |
A multi-country study of prevalence and early childhood mortality among children with omphalocele
Nembhard WN , Bergman JEH , Politis MD , Arteaga-Vázquez J , Bermejo-Sánchez E , Canfield MA , Cragan JD , Dastgiri S , de Walle HEK , Feldkamp ML , Nance A , Gatt M , Groisman B , Hurtado-Villa P , Kallén K , Landau D , Lelong N , Lopez-Camelo J , Martinez L , Morgan M , Pierini A , Rissmann A , Šípek A , Szabova E , Tagliabue G , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Bakker MK , Kancherla V , Mastroiacovo P . Birth Defects Res 2020 112 (20) 1787-1801 BACKGROUND: Omphalocele is the second most common abdominal birth defect and often occurs with other structural and genetic defects. The objective of this study was to determine omphalocele prevalence, time trends, and mortality during early childhood, by geographical region, and the presence of associated anomalies. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with 23 birth defect surveillance systems in 18 countries who are members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research that submitted data on cases ascertained from 2000 through 2012, approximately 16 million pregnancies were surveyed that resulted in live births, stillbirths, or elective terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA) and cases with omphalocele were included. Overall prevalence and mortality rates for specific ages were calculated (day of birth, neonatal, infant, and early childhood). We used Kaplan-Meier estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to calculate cumulative mortality and joinpoint regression for time trend analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of omphalocele was 2.6 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 2.5, 2.7) and showed no temporal change from 2000-2012 (average annual percent change = -0.19%, p = .52). The overall mortality rate was 32.1% (95% CI: 30.2, 34.0). Most deaths occurred during the neonatal period and among children with multiple anomalies or syndromic omphalocele. Prevalence and mortality varied by registry type (e.g., hospital- vs. population-based) and inclusion or exclusion of ETOPFA. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of omphalocele showed no temporal change from 2000-2012. Approximately one-third of children with omphalocele did not survive early childhood with most deaths occurring in the neonatal period. |
Interpretation of vitamin B-12 and folate concentrations in population-based surveys does not require adjustment for inflammation: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project
Young MF , Guo J , Williams A , Whitfield KC , Nasrin S , Kancherla V , Suchdev PS , Crider KS , Pfeiffer CM , Serdula M . Am J Clin Nutr 2020 111 (4) 919-926 BACKGROUND: Vitamin B-12 and folate deficiencies in women and children have important public health implications. However, the evidence is conflicting and limited on whether the influence of inflammation on biomarker concentrations may be sufficiently and consistently influenced by inflammation to require adjustment for interpreting concentrations or estimating population prevalence of deficiencies. OBJECTIVE: We examined correlations between concentrations of the inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and serum vitamin B-12 and serum and RBC folate among nonpregnant women of reproductive age (WRA; 15-49 yr) and preschool children (PSC; 6-59 mo). METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 16 nationally representative nutrition surveys conducted in WRA (n = 32,588) and PSC (n = 8,256) from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project. Spearman correlations between CRP or AGP and vitamin B-12 or folate concentrations were examined, taking into account complex survey design effects. RESULTS: Correlations between inflammation and vitamin B-12 or folate were weak, with no clear pattern of association in either WRA or PSC. Correlation coefficients between CRP and vitamin B-12 for WRA and PSC ranged from -0.25 to 0.16, and correlations between AGP and vitamin B-12 ranged between -0.07 and 0.14. Similarly, correlations between CRP and serum folate ranged from -0.13 to 0.08, and correlations between AGP and serum folate between -0.21 and 0.02. Only 3 surveys measured RBC folate, and among them, correlations for WRA ranged from -0.07 to 0.08 for CRP and -0.04 for AGP (1 country). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the weak and inconsistent correlations between CRP or AGP and vitamin B-12 or folate biomarkers, there is no rationale to adjust for inflammation when estimating population prevalence of vitamin B-12 or folate deficiencies in WRA or PSC. |
Analysis of mortality among neonates and children with spina bifida: An International Registry-Based Study, 2001-2012
Bakker MK , Kancherla V , Canfield MA , Bermejo-Sanchez E , Cragan JD , Dastgiri S , De Walle HEK , Feldkamp ML , Groisman B , Gatt M , Hurtado-Villa P , Kallen K , Landau D , Lelong N , Lopez Camelo JS , Martinez L , Morgan M , Mutchinick OM , Nembhard WN , Pierini A , Sipek A , Rissmann A , Szabova E , Tagliabue G , Wertelecki W , Zarante I , Mastroiacovo P . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2019 33 (6) 436-448 BACKGROUND: Medical advancements have resulted in better survival and life expectancy among those with spina bifida, but a significantly increased risk of perinatal and postnatal mortality for individuals with spina bifida remains. OBJECTIVES: To examine stillbirth and infant and child mortality among those affected by spina bifida using data from multiple countries. METHODS: We conducted an observational study, using data from 24 population- and hospital-based surveillance registries in 18 countries contributing as members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). Cases of spina bifida that resulted in livebirths or stillbirths from 20 weeks' gestation or elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) were included. Among liveborn spina bifida cases, we calculated mortality at different ages as number of deaths among liveborn cases divided by total number of liveborn cases with spina bifida. As a secondary outcome measure, we estimated the prevalence of spina bifida per 10 000 total births. The 95% confidence interval for the prevalence estimate was estimated using the Poisson approximation of binomial distribution. RESULTS: Between years 2001 and 2012, the overall first-week mortality proportion was 6.9% (95% CI 6.3, 7.7) and was lower in programmes operating in countries with policies that allowed ETOPFA compared with their counterparts (5.9% vs. 8.4%). The majority of first-week mortality occurred on the first day of life. In programmes where information on long-term mortality was available through linkage to administrative databases, survival at 5 years of age was 90%-96% in Europe, and 86%-96% in North America. CONCLUSIONS: Our multi-country study showed a high proportion of stillbirth and infant and child deaths among those with spina bifida. Effective folic acid interventions could prevent many cases of spina bifida, thereby preventing associated childhood morbidity and mortality. |
Trisomy 13 and 18-Prevalence and mortality-A multi-registry population based analysis.
Goel N , Morris JK , Tucker D , de Walle HEK , Bakker MK , Kancherla V , Marengo L , Canfield MA , Kallen K , Lelong N , Camelo JL , Stallings EB , Jones AM , Nance A , Huynh MP , Martinez-Fernandez ML , Sipek A , Pierini A , Nembhard WN , Goetz D , Rissmann A , Groisman B , Luna-Munoz L , Szabova E , Lapchenko S , Zarante I , Hurtado-Villa P , Martinez LE , Tagliabue G , Landau D , Gatt M , Dastgiri S , Morgan M . Am J Med Genet A 2019 179 (12) 2382-2392 The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and survival (among live births [LB]), in pregnancies diagnosed with trisomy 13 (T13) and 18 (T18), by congenital anomaly register and region. Twenty-four population- and hospital-based birth defects surveillance registers from 18 countries, contributed data on T13 and T18 between 1974 and 2014 using a common data-reporting protocol. The mean total birth prevalence (i.e., LB, stillbirths, and elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies [ETOPFA]) in the registers with ETOPFA (n = 15) for T13 was 1.68 (95% CI 1.3-2.06), and for T18 was 4.08 (95% CI 3.01-5.15), per 10,000 births. The prevalence varied among the various registers. The mean prevalence among LB in all registers for T13 was 0.55 (95%CI 0.38-0.72), and for T18 was 1.07 (95% CI 0.77-1.38), per 10,000 births. The median mortality in the first week of life was 48% for T13 and 42% for T18, across all registers, half of which occurred on the first day of life. Across 16 registers with complete 1-year follow-up, mortality in first year of life was 87% for T13 and 88% for T18. This study provides an international perspective on prevalence and mortality of T13 and T18. Overall outcomes and survival among LB were poor with about half of live born infants not surviving first week of life; nevertheless about 10% survived the first year of life. Prevalence and outcomes varied by country and termination policies. The study highlights the variation in screening, data collection, and reporting practices for these conditions. |
Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury-associated epilepsy and early use of anti-epilepsy drugs: An analysis of insurance claims data, 2004-2014
DeGrauw X , Thurman D , Xu L , Kancherla V , DeGrauw T . Epilepsy Res 2018 146 41-49 BACKGROUND: About 2.8 million TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations and deaths occurred in 2013 in the United States. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) can be a disabling, life-long outcome of TBI. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to address the probability of developing PTE within 9 years after TBI, the risk factors associated with PTE, the prevalence of anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) use, and the effectiveness of using AEDs prophylactically after TBI to prevent the development of PTE. METHODS: Using MarketScan(R) databases covering commercial, Medicare Supplemental, and multi-state Medicaid enrollees from 2004 to 2014, we examined the incidence of early seizures (within seven days after TBI) and cumulative incidence of PTE, the hazard ratios (HR) of PTE by age, gender, TBI severity, early seizure and AED use (carbamazepine, clonazepam, divalproex sodium, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, pregabalin, topiramate, acetazolamide). We used backward selection to build the final Cox proportional hazard model and conducted multivariable survival analysis to obtain estimates of crude and adjusted HR (cHRs, aHRs) of PTE and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The incidence of early seizure among TBI patients in our study was 0.5%. The cumulative incidence of PTE increased from 1.0% in one year to 4.0% in nine years. Most patients with TBI (93%) were not prescribed any AED. Gender was not associated with PTE. The risk of PTE was higher for individuals with older age, early seizures, and more severe TBI. Only individuals using prophylactic acetazolamide had significantly lower risk of PTE (aHR = 0.6, CI 0.4-0.9) compared to those not using any AED. CONCLUSION: The probability of developing PTE increased within the study period. The risk of developing PTE significantly increased with age, early seizure and TBI severity. Most of the individuals did not receive AED after TBI. There was no evidence suggesting AEDs helped to prevent PTE with the possible exception of acetazolamide. However, further studies may be needed to test the efficacy of acetazolamide in preventing PTE. |
Validation study of maternal recall on breastfeeding duration 6 years after childbirth
Amissah EA , Kancherla V , Ko YA , Li R . J Hum Lact 2017 33 (2) 390-400 BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding duration is an important indicator commonly measured in maternal and child health and nutrition research. Maternal short-term recall for both initiation and duration of breastfeeding has been shown to be valid; however, validity of long-term recall is not well understood. Research aim: This study aims to assess the validity of maternal recall of breastfeeding duration 6 years after childbirth and its association with sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Among 635 mother-child pairs, breastfeeding duration data collected monthly throughout the 1st year after childbirth in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) were compared to recall data obtained 6 years later during the Year 6 Follow-Up. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were examined to study the agreement between the two data sets. Sociodemographic factors associated with accurate recall to within 1 month of the IFPS II breastfeeding duration were assessed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Maternal recall of breastfeeding duration was found to be valid 6 years after childbirth with a small median overall bias (1 week) toward overestimation. The overall concordance was high (ICC = 0.84), except for high school graduates (ICC = 0.63) and smokers (ICC = 0.61). Smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval [0.4, 0.8]) and multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [0.4, 0.9]) were also less likely to give an accurate recall of their breastfeeding duration to within 1 month. CONCLUSION: Our study found that maternal recall of breastfeeding duration varies by sociodemographic factors but is accurate 6 years after childbirth. |
Descriptive and risk factor analysis for choanal atresia: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 - 2007
Kancherla V , Romitti PA , Sun L , Carey JC , Burns TL , Siega-Riz AM , Druschel CM , Lin AE , Olney RS . Eur J Med Genet 2014 57 (5) 220-9 Choanal atresia causes serious posterior nasal obstruction. This defect is the leading cause of nasal surgery in newborns, although its etiology is largely unknown. Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study, were used to examine associations between maternal self-reports of exposures and occurrence of choanal atresia in their offspring. Overall, 117 case and 8350 control mothers with deliveries from 1997-2007 provided telephone interview reports of pre-pregnancy (one year before conception) and periconceptional (one month before through three months after conception) exposures. Exposures analyzed were pre-pregnancy dietary intake, pre-pregnancy and periconceptional caffeine consumption, and periconceptional cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and medication use. Independent associations between each exposure and all choanal atresia cases combined (n=117) and isolated choanal atresia cases (those without additional unrelated major defects; n=61) were examined. Odds ratios (ORs), both unadjusted (uORs) and adjusted (aORs) for potential confounders, and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. For all choanal atresia cases combined, positive associations were observed with maternal pre-pregnancy intake in the highest quartile for vitamin B-12 (aOR=1.9; CI=1.1,3.1), zinc (aOR=1.7; CI=1.0,3.1), and niacin (aOR=1.8; CI=1.0,3.1), and intake in the lowest quartile for methionine (aOR=1.6; CI=1.0,2.6) and vitamin D (aOR=1.6; CI=1.0,2.4) compared to intake in the two intermediate quartiles combined. Further, a positive association was observed with periconceptional use of thyroid medications (uOR=2.6; CI=1.0,6.3) compared to no use of such medications. Among isolated choanal atresia cases, negative associations were observed for pantothenic acid (aOR=0.4; CI=0.2,0.9) and fat (aOR=0.5; 95% CI=0.2,1.0) intake in the lowest quartile compared to that in the intermediate quartiles, and positive associations were observed for periconceptional cigarette smoking (aOR=2.3; CI=1.1,4.7) compared to no smoking and pre-pregnancy daily coffee intake of 3 or more cups (aOR=2.5; CI=1.1,5.6) compared to intake of less than 1 cup per day. The positive association for periconceptional exposure to thyroid medications also persisted for isolated choanal atresia cases (uOR=4.0; CI=1.1,11.2). Because of the large number of associations tested, these findings may be due to chance. Alternatively, they may contribute new hypotheses regarding the etiology of choanal atresia; thus, requiring replication in additional studies. |
Childhood vision impairment, hearing loss and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder
Kancherla V , Van Naarden Braun K , Yeargin-Allsopp M . Disabil Health J 2013 6 (4) 333-42 BACKGROUND: Limited population-based data on prevalence of childhood vision impairment (VI) and hearing loss (HL), and their co-occurrence with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exists. OBJECTIVE: To examine prevalence and characteristics of VI, HL and co-occurring ASD among 8-year-olds in metropolitan Atlanta 2000-2008. METHODS: We used data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. Prevalence, birth and parental characteristics, presence and severity of other co-occurring developmental disabilities, and age of earliest identification of ASD, were examined for children with VI and HL, by co-occurring ASD. RESULTS: VI and HL prevalences were 1.2 and 1.3 per 1000 8-year-olds, respectively. Approximately 6-7% of children with VI or HL had co-occurring ASD. Children with VI or HL with co-occurring ASD differed from those without co-occurring ASD by select birth characteristics and the presence of other co-occurring DDs. The median age of earliest known ASD diagnosis was significantly later among children with VI and ASD compared to children with ASD without VI (79 vs. 56 months). Children with HL and ASD were first evaluated by a community provider significantly earlier than those with ASD without HL (40 vs. 50 months). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of co-occurring ASD with VI and HL is higher than the population prevalence of ASD. The significant delays in diagnosis of ASD in children with VI and lack of earlier diagnosis of ASD among children with HL despite earlier evaluation highlight the importance of developing screening tools for early identification of ASD among children with VI and HL. |
Dental care among young adults with intellectual disability
Kancherla V , Van Naarden-Braun K , Yeargin-Allsopp M . Res Dev Disabil 2013 34 (5) 1630-1641 Dental care among young adults with intellectual disability (ID) is poorly documented and largely unmet. By using population-based data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Follow-Up Study, we assessed factors associated with at least one or two dental visits per year among young adults with and without ID. Significantly fewer young adults with ID (45%) visited a dentist at least once per year, compared with those without ID (58%). ID severity and the presence of co-occurring developmental disabilities predicted dental care use. Sociodemographics, daily functioning, societal participation, dental services, and dental health factors were examined as predictors of dental care frequency. Our findings can help focus efforts toward improving the frequency of dental care visits among young adults with ID. |
Medical expenditures attributable to cerebral palsy and intellectual disability among Medicaid-enrolled children
Kancherla V , Amendah DD , Grosse SD , Yeargin-Allsopp M , Van Naarden Braun K . Res Dev Disabil 2012 33 (3) 832-840 This study estimated medical expenditures attributable to cerebral palsy (CP) among children enrolled in Medicaid, stratified by the presence of co-occurring intellectual disability (ID), relative to children without CP or ID. The MarketScan((R)) Medicaid Multi-State database was used to identify children with CP for 2003-2005 by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 343.xx. Children with ID were identified for 2005 by using ICD-9-CM code 317.xx-319.xx. Children without CP or ID during the same period served as control subjects. Medical expenditures were estimated for case and control children for 2005. The difference between the average expenditures for children with and without CP was used as a proxy for attributable expenditures for the condition. The attributable expenditures of co-occurring ID were calculated similarly as the difference in average expenditures among children with CP with and without ID. A total of 9927 children with CP were identified. Among them, 2022 (20.3%) children had co-occurring ID recorded in medical claims. Children with CP but without ID incurred medical expenditures that were $15,047 higher than those of control children without CP or ID. By contrast, children with CP and co-occurring ID incurred costs that were $41,664 higher, compared with control children, and $26,617 more than children with CP but without ID. Administrative data from a large, multistate database demonstrated high medical expenditures for publicly insured children with CP. Expenditures approximately tripled for children with CP and co-occurring ID. |
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